Know All About the Right Tests to Diagnose PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders among women of reproductive age. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to determine the severity of the condition and to take corrective action before complications set in.

When Should You Suspect PCOS?

The first step to diagnosis begins with recognizing early warning signs. Some symptoms that may indicate PCOS include:

• Irregular periods (especially delayed cycles for 2 months or more)

• Sudden weight gain

• Acne and oily skin

• Hirsutism (excessive hair growth on chin or body)

• Darkening of skin around the neck

• Food cravings, especially for sweets

• Mood swings, depression or anxiety

• Thinning hair or hair loss

• Heavy or painful periods

• Sleep issues and frequent headaches

If you experience 5 or more of these symptoms simultaneously, it is advisable to visit a gynecologist.

What to Expect During a Doctor’s Visit

Your doctor will begin with a detailed medical history and physical examination to look for signs of hormonal imbalance. After this, the following tests may be recommended:

1. Pelvic Exam

A manual and visual inspection of the reproductive organs to detect any abnormalities.

2. Blood Tests

Blood work is essential for assessing hormone levels and ruling out other causes. Common tests include:

• Androgen levels: Testosterone, Free Androgen Index (FAI)

• Insulin resistance: Fasting sugar, Post-prandial sugar, HbA1C, Insulin levels, HOMA-IR

• Thyroid function tests: T3, T4, TSH

• Female reproductive hormones: Oestradiol, FSH, LH, Prolactin

• Lipid profile: Cholesterol and triglycerides

• Inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein

• Nutritional deficiencies: Hemogram, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D3

3. Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound scans provide visual confirmation of ovarian cysts and endometrial thickness.

Two types are commonly performed:

• Transvaginal Ultrasound (preferred if sexually active) – produces clearer images of uterus and ovaries

• Abdominal Ultrasound – used in younger girls or those not sexually active

PCOS diagnosis is often confirmed if there are 12 or more small cysts (2–9 mm) in the ovaries or if the ovaries are significantly enlarged.

Note: In women under 20, an ultrasound may not be needed if irregular periods and elevated androgen levels are already confirmed.

After Diagnosis – What Next?

Once PCOS is confirmed, doctors also assess risks for diabetes, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease, since these are strongly linked with PCOS.

Follow-up tests include:

• Lipid profile

• Glucose tolerance tests

• Regular blood pressure checks

Frequency of Tests

• Cholesterol & Diabetes Test: Every 1–3 years

• Blood Pressure Check: Annually (or more frequently if risk factors exist)

The Good News – PCOS is Reversible!

With the right combination of lifestyle modification, nutrition, exercise, and medical support, PCOS can be managed effectively, and in many cases, reversed. Early diagnosis is key to preventing long-term complications and regaining hormonal balance.